Customer Lifetime Value Calculator

Enter your revenue per customer, gross margin and either your churn rate or your repeat-purchase pattern to see the gross-profit CLV, the expected customer lifespan and how it compares with what a customer costs to acquire.

Customer economics

Calculate CLV from
Average recurring monthly revenue from one active customer. Often called ARPU or ARPA.
%
Percentage of revenue remaining after direct costs to deliver the product or service.
%
Percentage of active customers who cancel in an average month.
Total marketing, sales and onboarding cost to gain one customer. Leave blank to skip the CAC figures.
Customer lifetime value
£1,400.00
Expected customer lifespan
20.00 months
Gross profit per customer per month
£70.00
CLV:CAC ratio
9.33×
CLV after CAC
£1,250.00
CAC payback
2.14 months

Estimated gross profit before customer acquisition cost.

CLV is an estimate. It depends on customer behaviour, churn, pricing, direct costs and the assumptions you enter.

Average monthly revenue per customer
£100.00
Gross margin
70.00%
Gross profit per customer per month
£70.00
Monthly customer churn rate
5.00%
Expected customer lifespan
20.00 months (1.67 years)
Revenue CLV
£2,000.00
Gross-profit CLV
£1,400.00
Customer acquisition cost
£150.00
CLV after CAC
£1,250.00
CLV:CAC ratio
9.33×
CAC payback period
2.14 months

How to use this calculator

  1. Pick your currency at the top of the calculator panel. It sets the formatting only and does not convert the figures.
  2. Under Calculate CLV from, choose Subscription / churn for recurring-revenue businesses, or Repeat purchases for e-commerce, retail and consumer services.
  3. Enter your revenue per customer and your gross margin — the share of revenue left after the direct costs of delivery.
  4. Add your monthly churn rate (subscription mode) or yourpurchases per year and average customer lifespan (repeat-purchase mode).
  5. Optionally, enter your customer acquisition cost to also see CLV after CAC, the CLV:CAC ratio and the CAC payback period.

The results update as you type. The headline figure is gross-profit CLV — the estimated gross profit an average customer generates before acquisition cost. Switching mode keeps your currency and shows a fresh set of example figures for that mode.

CLV is an estimate. It depends on customer behaviour, churn, pricing, direct costs and the assumptions you enter.

How customer lifetime value is calculated

The main CLV figure is gross profit over the customer relationship, before customer acquisition cost. Revenue-only lifetime value is shown for reference but is not used as the headline, because it overstates what a customer is really worth. The two modes reach that figure differently.

In subscription / churn mode, the average lifespan comes from the churn rate:

Expected Customer Lifespan = 1 ÷ Monthly Customer Churn Rate
Revenue CLV = Average Monthly Revenue per Customer × Expected Lifespan
Gross-Profit CLV = Average Monthly Revenue per Customer × Gross Margin × Expected Lifespan
Gross-Profit CLV = (Average Monthly Revenue per Customer × Gross Margin) ÷ Monthly Churn Rate
CLV after CAC = Gross-Profit CLV − Customer Acquisition Cost
CLV:CAC Ratio = Gross-Profit CLV ÷ Customer Acquisition Cost
CAC Payback = Customer Acquisition Cost ÷ Gross Profit per Customer per Month
The last two formulas for gross-profit CLV are equivalent — dividing by the churn rate is the same as multiplying by the 1 ÷ churn lifespan.

With £100 average monthly revenue per customer, a 70.00% gross margin, a 5.00% monthly churn rate and £150 customer acquisition cost:

  • Gross profit per customer per month is £100 × 0.70 = £70.00.
  • Expected lifespan is 1 ÷ 0.05 = 20.00 months, or 1.67 years.
  • Revenue CLV is £100 ÷ 0.05 = £2,000.00.
  • Gross-profit CLV is £70.00 ÷ 0.05 = £1,400.00.
  • CLV after CAC is £1,400.00 − £150 = £1,250.00.
  • CLV:CAC ratio is £1,400.00 ÷ £150 = 9.33×.
  • CAC payback is £150 ÷ £70.00 = 2.14 months.

In repeat purchases mode, lifetime revenue is built from order value, frequency and lifespan before the margin is applied:

Annual Revenue per Customer = Average Order Value × Purchases per Year
Lifetime Revenue = Annual Revenue per Customer × Customer Lifespan
Gross-Profit CLV = Lifetime Revenue × Gross Margin
CLV after CAC = Gross-Profit CLV − Customer Acquisition Cost
CLV:CAC Ratio = Gross-Profit CLV ÷ Customer Acquisition Cost
Customer lifespan is entered in years in this mode.

With an £80 average order value, 4 purchases per year, a 3-year customer lifespan, a 45.00% gross margin and £60 customer acquisition cost:

  • Annual revenue per customer is £80 × 4 = £320.00.
  • Lifetime revenue is £320.00 × 3 = £960.00.
  • Gross-profit CLV is £960.00 × 0.45 = £432.00.
  • CLV after CAC is £432.00 − £60 = £372.00.
  • CLV:CAC ratio is £432.00 ÷ £60 = 7.20×.

Revenue CLV shows expected customer spend. Gross-profit CLV is more useful for decision-making because it accounts for direct delivery costs.

Note: CLV is an estimate and does not automatically include fixed overheads, tax, financing costs, refunds, changing customer behaviour or the time value of money.

Which mode to use

The two calculation modes and when each one fits
ModeUse it when
Subscription / churnSaaS, memberships, subscriptions, retainers, maintenance contracts and managed services — anywhere customers pay a recurring fee and leave through churn. Example: £100 a month at a 70% gross margin and 5% monthly churn.
Repeat purchasesE-commerce, retail, trades and consumer services — anywhere customers make repeat purchases rather than paying a fixed subscription. Example: £80 per order, 4 orders a year, a 3-year lifespan and a 45% gross margin.

Revenue CLV versus gross-profit CLV

Revenue CLV is the total amount a customer is expected to pay you over their lifetime. It is easy to quote but flattering: it treats a pound of revenue the same whether you keep 70p or 20p of it.

Gross-profit CLV multiplies that by your gross margin, so it reflects the money actually left after the direct costs of serving the customer — cost of goods, hosting, support, payment processing, fulfilment. It is the figure to compare against customer acquisition cost, and it is what this calculator uses as the headline.

Neither figure is net profit. CLV is before fixed overheads, financing and tax. For a full revenue-to-net-profit breakdown, see the Profit Margin Calculator.

What the CLV:CAC ratio means

The CLV:CAC ratio is gross-profit CLV divided by customer acquisition cost. A ratio of 9.33× means every £1 spent acquiring a customer is expected to return £9.33 in lifetime gross profit.

A common rule of thumb for subscription businesses is that around 3× or higher is healthy, roughly 1× is break-even on a lifetime basis, and below 1× means each new customer loses money. These are general guidelines, not benchmarks for your specific market — the right target depends on your margins, how fast you are growing and how long the CAC takes to pay back.

If CLV after CAC is negative, the calculator shows it as a loss: the customer is expected to cost more to acquire than they return in gross profit.

Important information

Important: this calculator is for general business planning and is not financial advice. It uses the figures you enter and standard CLV arithmetic; it does not model fixed overheads, tax, financing costs, refunds, discount rates or changing customer behaviour. For recurring-revenue metrics such as MRR, ARR and revenue retention, see the Monthly Recurring Revenue Calculator, or the Return on Investment Calculator for one-off projects and campaigns.

Frequently asked questions

What is customer lifetime value (CLV)?

Customer lifetime value is the total gross profit an average customer is expected to generate over their whole relationship with your business, before the cost of acquiring them. It is also called lifetime value or LTV. This calculator uses gross profit — revenue minus the direct costs of delivery — rather than revenue, because revenue-only lifetime value overstates what a customer is actually worth.

How is CLV calculated for a subscription business?

First estimate the average customer lifespan as 1 ÷ monthly churn rate: a 5% monthly churn gives a 20-month lifespan. Then multiply the average monthly revenue per customer by your gross margin to get gross profit per customer per month, and multiply that by the lifespan. Equivalently, gross-profit CLV = (average monthly revenue × gross margin) ÷ monthly churn rate. At £100 a month, a 70% margin and 5% churn, that is (£100 × 0.70) ÷ 0.05 = £1,400.

How is CLV calculated for a repeat-purchase business?

Multiply the average order value by the number of purchases per year to get annual revenue per customer, multiply that by the average customer lifespan in years to get lifetime revenue, then multiply lifetime revenue by your gross margin. At £80 per order, 4 orders a year, a 3-year lifespan and a 45% margin, that is £80 × 4 × 3 × 0.45 = £432.

Why does the calculator use gross profit rather than revenue?

Revenue-only lifetime value ignores the direct cost of serving the customer — hosting, support, payment fees, fulfilment, cost of goods. Two businesses with the same revenue per customer can have very different true value if one keeps 70p in every pound and the other keeps 20p. Gross-profit CLV is the figure you can sensibly compare against customer acquisition cost. The calculator still shows revenue CLV for reference in the subscription mode.

What is the CLV:CAC ratio and what is a good value?

The CLV:CAC ratio divides gross-profit CLV by customer acquisition cost. It tells you how many pounds of lifetime gross profit each pound of acquisition spend buys. A widely cited rule of thumb for subscription businesses is that 3:1 or higher is healthy and below 1:1 means you lose money on every customer, but the right target depends on your margins, growth stage and payback period. This is guidance, not a benchmark for your industry.

What is CAC payback and why does it matter?

CAC payback is how many months of gross profit per customer it takes to recover the acquisition cost: customer acquisition cost ÷ gross profit per customer per month. At £150 CAC and £70 gross profit a month it is about 2.14 months. A shorter payback means less cash tied up in growth and less exposure if a customer churns early.

What happens if I set monthly churn to 0%?

A churn rate of 0% implies customers never leave, which makes the average lifespan and the subscription CLV infinite. The calculator will not show a made-up number for that — it asks you to enter a churn rate above 0% instead. Even a small figure, such as 1–2%, produces a usable estimate.

Is the CAC field required?

No. Customer acquisition cost is optional. Leave it blank and the calculator still shows gross-profit CLV, the expected lifespan and — in subscription mode — revenue CLV. Fill it in to also see CLV after CAC, the CLV:CAC ratio and, for subscriptions, the CAC payback period.

Does CLV account for overheads, tax or the time value of money?

No. CLV is based on gross profit, so it is before fixed overheads such as rent and salaries, before financing costs, before tax, and before any discounting for the time value of money. It also assumes your churn, pricing and costs stay roughly constant. Treat it as a planning estimate, not a forecast.

Does changing the currency convert my figures?

No. The currency selector changes the formatting only — the symbol, the grouping and, for the yen, the decimal places. The amounts you enter and every calculated result stay exactly as they are. There is no exchange rate involved.